Mliri, kusankha katemera ndi njira yoperekera katemera wa matenda a mapazi ndi pakamwa

Matenda a Mapazi ndi Pakamwa

(1) Mliri wa vuto

Matendawa amafala kwambiri ku Africa, Middle East, Asia ndi madera ena a ku South America. Pakati pa 7 serotypes ya FMDV, mtundu O ndi mtundu A ndizofala kwambiri; Mtundu I, II ndi III wa South Africa ndiwofala kwambiri ku Africa; Mtundu waku Asia Wofala kwambiri ku Middle East ndi South Asia; Mtundu wa C sunafotokozedwe kuyambira pamene unayamba ku Brazil ndi ku Kenya mu 2004. Mu 2021, mliri wa matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa ku Southeast Asia udakali wovuta. Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam ndi mayiko ena onse ali ndi miliri, ndipo zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa mliriwu ndizovuta. Chiwopsezo cha kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa ku China chidakalipo.

Pakali pano, mliri wa matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa ku China nthawi zambiri umakhala wokhazikika, ndipo matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa amtundu woyamba ku Asia akadalibe mliri. Sipanakhalepo mliri wamtundu wa phazi ndi pakamwa wamtundu wa A m'zaka zitatu zaposachedwa, ndipo padzakhala miliri itatu ya phazi ndi pakamwa yamtundu wa O mu 2021. Malinga ndi momwe polojekitiyi ikuyendera, mliri wamakono wa FMD ku China udakalipo. zovuta. Mitundu ya O FMD imaphatikizapo Ind-2001e, Mya-98 ndi CATHAY, pamene Mtundu A ndi Nyanja-97. Mtundu wa AA/Sea-97 virus wanthambi wakunja upezeka m'malire mu 2021.

Katemera wa matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa ku China amagwira ntchito polimbana ndi miliri yapakhomo, ndipo malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha mliri amakhalapo makamaka pamalumikizidwe ndi masamba omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka. Kutengera kuwunika kowunika, zikuloseredwa kuti mliri wa FMD ku China ukhalabe wolamulidwa ndi mtundu wa FMD O mu 2022, ndipo mliri wapanthawi yomweyo wa mitundu ingapo yamtundu wa FMD upitilira, zomwe sizikulepheretsa kuti pakhale ngozi. a FMD mtundu A; Chiwopsezo cha mitundu yakunja yobweretsedwa ku China chidakalipo.

(2) Kusankha Katemera

Sankhani katemera amene amafanana ndi antigenicity a m'dera mliri tizilombo ta, ndi katemera mankhwala zambiri akhoza anafunsa mu "National Chowona Zanyama Mankhwala Basic Information Query" nsanja "Chowona Zanyama Mankhwala Mankhwala Kuvomerezeka Number Data" la China Chowona Zanyama Mankhwala Information Network.

(3) Njira Zothandizira Katemera

1. Munda wa sikelo

M`badwo woyamba Katemera wa nyama zazing`ono anatsimikiza poganizira zinthu monga amayi chitetezo ndi amayi oteteza mlingo wa nyama zazing'ono. Mwachitsanzo, molingana ndi kusiyana kwa nthawi ya katemera wa nyama zachikazi ndi ma antibodies a amayi, ana a nkhumba amatha kusankha kukatemera akafika masiku 28-60, ana a nkhosa amatha kutenga katemera ali ndi zaka 28-35, ndipo ana a ng'ombe amatha kulandira katemera. pausinkhu wa masiku 90. Pambuyo pa katemera woyamba wa ziweto zonse zobadwa, katemera wa chilimbikitso ayenera kuchitidwa kamodzi mwezi umodzi uliwonse, ndiyeno miyezi 4 mpaka 6 iliyonse.

2. Mabanja osamalira anthu wamba

M'nyengo yamasika ndi yophukira, ziweto zonse zomwe zitha kutenga kachilomboka zimapatsidwa katemera kamodzi, ndipo azilipidwa pafupipafupi mwezi uliwonse. Ngati ziloleza, katemera akhoza kuchitidwa motsatira ndondomeko ya katemera wa m'munda waukulu.

3. Katemera wadzidzidzi

Mliri ukachitika, ziweto zomwe zimakonda kugwidwa ndi mliriwo komanso malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo zimapatsidwa katemera wadzidzidzi. Pamene dera lamalire likuopsezedwa ndi mliri wa kunja kwa dziko, kuphatikizapo zotsatira zowunika zoopsa, ziweto zomwe zili pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa zidzapatsidwa katemera wadzidzidzi. Ziweto zomwe zalandira katemera mkati mwa mwezi watha sizingalandire katemera wadzidzidzi.

(4) Kuwunika kwa chitetezo chamthupi

1. Njira yoyesera

Njira yotchulidwa mu GB/T 18935-2018 Diagnostic Techniques for Foot and Mouth Disease inagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ma antibody. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi katemera wosagwira ntchito, kutsekereza kwa ELISA ndi gawo lolimba la ELISA kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire chitetezo chamthupi; Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi katemera wa peptide wopangidwa, VP1 structural protein ELISA idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira chitetezo chamthupi.

2. Kuunika kwa chitetezo cha mthupi

Pambuyo pa masiku 28 a katemera wa nkhumba ndi masiku 21 a katemera wa ziweto zina, antibody titer idzakwaniritsa izi kuti mudziwe kuti chitetezo cha munthu ndi choyenera:

Kutsekereza gawo lamadzimadzi ELISA: titer ya antibody ya nyama zolusa monga ng'ombe ndi nkhosa ≥ 2 ^ 7, ndi titer antibody ya nkhumba ≥ 2 ^ 6.

Gawo lolimba la mpikisano wa ELISA: titer ya antibody ≥ 2 ^ 6.

vP1 structural protein antibody ELISA: zabwino molingana ndi njira kapena malangizo a reagent.

Ngati chiwerengero cha anthu oyenerera sichiposa 70% ya chiwerengero chonse cha magulu a chitetezo cha mthupi, chitetezo cha gulu chidzatsimikiziridwa ngati oyenerera.